Morphological diagnosis of urothelial neoplasms
- 1Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region (Ancona), Ancona, Italy
- 2Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Cordoba University Medical School, Cordoba, Spain
- 3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Professor Rodolfo Montironi, Section of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region (Ancona), School of Medicine, United Hospitals, I-60020 Torrette, Ancona, Italy; r.montironi{at}univpm.it
- Accepted 22 May 2007
- Published Online First 1 June 2007
Abstract
The morphological classification and diagnosis of bladder neoplasms is summarised, with specific focus on histological typing, grading and staging. Four diagnostic categories are described on the basis of the pattern of growth of the urothelial lesions and tumours (flat, exophytic or papillary, endophytic, and invasive). The WHO 2004 classification is currently used. However, the WHO 1973 classification is still considered by many urologists and oncologists as the international standard in patient management.
Footnotes
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Competing interests: None declared.
