Table 2
Cytological and architectural features of low-grade and high-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus
| N/C, nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio; −, absent; +/−, may be present; +, usually present. | ||
| Feature | Low Grade | High Grade |
| Cytology | ||
| ↑ N/C ratio | + | ++ |
| Loss of cell polarity | − | + |
| Mitosis | + | ++ |
| Atypical mitosis | +/− | + |
| Full-thickness nuclear stratification | − | + |
| Decreased goblet cells (+/− dystrophic) | + | ++ |
| Hyperchromasia | + | ++ |
| Multiple nucleoli | +/− | +/− |
| Large irregular (prominent) nucleoli | − | +/− |
| Irregular nuclear contour | + | ++ |
| Nuclear pleomorphism | − | + |
| Architecture | ||
| Villiform change | − | +/− |
| Crypt budding/branching | +/− | ++ |
| Crowded (back-to-back) crypts | +/− | ++ |
| Irregular crypt shapes | +/− | + |
| Intraluminal papilla/ridges | − | +/− |
| Lamina propria between glands | + | +/− |
