Best Practice No 181

Table 1

Stone promoting and stone inhibiting factors^1,^12,^13,^15,¹⁶

Promoters	Inhibitors
*Analytes that should be assessed in 24 hour urine samples of stone formers.
*Calcium	Inorganic
*Sodium	*Magnesium
*Oxalate	*Pyrophosphate (assay as phosphate)
*Urate	*Citrate
*Cystine	Organic
Low urine pH	Nephrocalcin
Tamm-Horsfall protein	Tamm-Horsfall protein
*Low urine flow	Urinary prothrombin fragment 1
Bacterial products	Protease inhibitor : inter α inhibitor
	Glycosaminoglycans
	*High urine flow
Other essential urine analytes	Serum analytes
Creatinine	Calcium
Creatinine clearance	Urate
Urine albumin (microalbumin)	Creatinine
If >1 mg/mmol creatinine then urine retinol binding protein	Parathyroid hormone (where hypercalcaemia present)
If >1 mg/mmol creatinine then urine retinol binding protein	Phosphate

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Best Practice No 181

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