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Strongyloides stercolaris infection mimicking a malignant tumour in a non-immunocompromised patient. Diagnosis by bronchoalveolar cytology

¹ Service of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona "Juan XXIII" and Department of Ciéncias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Rovira y Virgili, 43201 Tarragona, Spain
² Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa" de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009 Spain
³ Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario "Miguel Servet" de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

Correspondence to:
Dr E Mayayo
Servicio de Patología, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona, "Juan XXIII", C/Dr Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; ema{at}fmcs.urv.es
ABSTRACT
Autoinfective strongyloidiasis is often fatal in immunosuppressed patients or in immunocomprised hosts. An interesting case of Strongyloides stercolaris hyperinfection was seen in an immunocompetent patient. This report describes a case of fatal strogyloidiasis in a 79 year old man, who had suffered gastrointestinal discomfort for years, and who presented because of respiratory illness. A chest radiograph showed an irregular mass close to the mediastinum and interstitial infiltrates, but blood eosinophilia was not observed. Cytological examination of the samples obtained from bronchial aspiration and brushing identified several filariform larvae. Thus, cytology was essential for the correct diagnosis in this patient and is a very reliable method to diagnose lung parasitosis.