© 2005 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & Association of Clinical Pathologists
REVIEW
BEST PRACTICE NO 181
Best Practice No 181
Chemical pathology clinical investigation and management of nephrolithiasis
Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Professor T M Reynolds
Clinical Chemistry Department, Queen’s Hospital, Belvedere Road, Burton on Trent, Staffordshire DE13 0RB, UK; tim.reynolds{at}burtonh-tr.wmids.nhs.uk
Renal stones have afflicted humans for millennia but there is still no solution to this problem. This review discusses the laboratory and metabolic aspects of the clinical management of patients with renal stones, both primary and secondary in origin. First, non-pharmacological interventions such as increased fluid intake, decreased protein consumption, dietary changes in sodium, calcium, oxalate, potassium, purine, vitamins, and essential fatty acids are considered. Then specific pharmacological treatment to modify urine calcium, oxalate, urate, citrate, and acidity are considered. Finally, more unusual types of stone are examined.
Keywords: nephrolithiasis; calcium oxalate; clinical management; cystinuria; uric acid
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Compound via MeSHSubstance via MeSHHazardous Substances DB AMMONIUM OXALATECALCIUM COMPOUNDSCALCIUM, ELEMENTAL
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