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Sudden infant death triggered by dive reflex

"Lino Rossi" Research Centre for the study and prevention of unexpected perinatal death and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), Institute of Pathology, University of Milan, 20122 Italy

Correspondence to:
Dr G Ottaviani
Institute of Pathology, University of Milan, Via della Commenda, 19, 20122 Milan, Italy; giulia.ottaviani{at}unimi.it
ABSTRACT
The dive reflex is the reflex mechanism most frequently considered in the aetiopathogenesis of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). This seems to persist in human beings as an inheritance from diver birds and amphibians. It has been reported that washing the face with cold water or plunging into cold water can provoke cardiac deceleration through the intervention of the ambiguus and the vagal dorsal nuclei. This report describes a case of SIDS that offers a unique insight into the role of the dive reflex in determining a lethal outcome. Examination of the brainstem on serial sections revealed severe bilateral hypoplasia of the arcuate nucleus and gliosis of the other cardiorespiratory medullary nuclei. The coronary and cardiac conduction arteries presented early atherosclerotic lesions. The possible role of parental cigarette smoking in the pathogenesis of arcuate nucleus hypoplasia and early coronary atherosclerotic lesions is also discussed.

Abbreviations: H&E, haematoxylin and eosin; SIDS, sudden infant death syndrome

Keywords: sudden infant death syndrome; arcuate nucleus hypoplasia; reflexogenesis; dive reflex; parental cigarette smoking; early atherosclerosis

This article has been cited by other articles:

				G Ottaviani, L Matturri, R Mingrone, and A M Lavezzi Hypoplasia and neuronal immaturity of the hypoglossal nucleus in sudden infant death J. Clin. Pathol., May 1, 2006; 59(5): 497 - 500. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]