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Angiogenesis, thrombospondin, and ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast

¹ Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK
² Irish National Breast Screening Programme and St Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Donnybrook, Dublin 4, Ireland

Correspondence to:
Dr A Rice, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3, UK;
ricealex{at}hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
Angiogenesis, the growth of new vessels from existing vasculature, plays an essential role in tumour development. The process involves interaction between a variety of cells, growth factors, and components of the extracellular matrix, regulated by pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. This review profiles these factors, outlines the available methods for measuring new vessel formation, and discusses the importance of angiogenesis in breast cancer, with emphasis on ductal carcinoma in situ.

Keywords: angiogenesis; thrombospondin; ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast; vascular endothelial growth factor

Abbreviations: bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ; MMP, matrix metalloprotease; TF, tissue factor; TSP, thrombospondin; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor

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